HSBC announced 12bn share sale

Europe`s biggest bank-HSBC announced to have 12bn share sale

Why HSBC made this decision?

As the whole world economy downturn...some of the banks have suffered from it,and it`s prolonged problem.More banks found out more ways to solve it,such as got subsidy from the government,sold share to the government and may bought it back after the crisis or merge...

But in this case,HSBC asked to sale shares which might not happen in other banks .The reason is HSBC is Europe`s biggest bank,it has basic number of people who has account in HSBC which might deteminate HSBC made this decision.After HSBC start to sell its shares, more and more people might buy it rapidly and buy as much as they can afford,therefore HSBC can get more financial support and be in an positive circumstance.

Also,get more financial support means become competitive,therefore it has more possibility to resist suck economy crisis

So....it might be a good decision....

Northern Rock

Rock to revive mortgage lending.....
which might be a good news to UK economy.
In order to get extra money from the taxpayer,Rock has revived the mortgage lending.
Rock also published the 1.4bn loss for 2008.

Is it effective and efficient?we don`t know, but it is a part of the government policy
It might be a good news to consumers recovering from crisis especially,Northern Rock`s consumers.
But the treasury also need to provide an extra 10bn in taxpayer money to the bank...

ECO summary:exchange rate

EXCHANGE RATE:the value of a currency in terms of what it can buy of other currencies.

WHAT FACTORS MIGHT AFFECT EXCHANGE RATE?
-the price of /demand for imported goods and services
-the price of /demand for exported goods and services
-aggregate demand
-the growth of real income output in the short term
-the rate of inflation
-employment/unemployment

WHAT IF STERLING VALUE GOES DOWN?
-import price goes up
-consumer price index
-export does goes up
-strong AD -inflation

STRONG POUND?
-low import price,more import
-high export price,less export
-less inflation
-strong PPP

ECO summary：ECONOMIC GROWTH

Long term economic growth requires:



-increase productivity



-improvements in production technology







INCREASE AD:



-higher consumer expending



-increase government capital investment



-increase government spending in goods and services and reduce tax



-increase export



-reduce import expending







SUPPLY-SIDE:



-higher productivity



-increase input



increase labour supply



increase stock capital input



-technological advances



innovation and invention



reduce unit cost






higher AD and a rise in LRAS

short term changes in sras

RISING AD

ECO summary：balance of payment

what are included:
-trade in goods
-trade in services
-investment income from UK overseas assets
-transfer of money between people and government
trade goods -transfer of money =comprises the current account

actual GDP>potential GDP:positive output gap
actual GDP
AD:C+G+I+（X-M)

EXpenditure reduction:
-higher interest rate
-higher tax

Half time business homwork

Market mapping:selecting the key variables that differentiate the brands within a market and then plotting the position of each one

Market segmentation: analyse the market the identify different types of consumers

Brand positioning: The distinctive position that a brand adopts in its competitive environment to ensure that individuals in its target market can tell the brand apart from others.


Advertising elasticity:measures the extend to which change in ADspending affect demand (%change in demand /% change in ADspending)

Cash flow: the difference between incashflow and outcashflow

Loss leader:product sold at less than cost to attract consumer to a product range

Adverse variance: this is a change from a budgeted figure that leads to lower than expected profit

Net profit margin: net profit which is a percentage of the sales revenue

Organisation structure:the relationship between different people and functions within an organisation

Off the job training:away from the place of work

On the job training:learning by doing the job

Person specification:which kind of person the company will employ

Induction:is an introductory training programme designed to familiarise new recruits

Empowering employees:person who has the power to do the job

Job enrichment:is where the job is expanded vertically by giving the worker more responsibility

Job enlargement:expanding the number of tasks completed by an employee

Capacity utilisation:is the percentage of a firm`s total possible production level that is being reached

Rationalisation:reorganising resources to cut costs

Quality control:this is based on inspection of the product or a sample of products

Quality assurance:this is a system of agreeing and meeting quality standards at each stage of production to ensure consumer satisfaction

Productivity:output per person per a period of time

Product portfolio analysis:analysing the existing product mix to help develop a balanced range of goods and services

Price taker:a firm which sets its prices at the same or similar level to those of the dominant firm in the industry

Deep recession

"The governor of the Bank of England, Mervyn King, has warned that the UK is "in a deep recession" in 2009 and said rate cuts may no longer work"

The governor of the Bank of England ,MERVYN KING today said the UK is in a deep recession...
Which is a big hurt to UK businesses.....

In my opinion,it is a even worse news compared with interest rate declined to 1%....
From the chart we can see that 2009 is the worst year,because in this year output might touch the lowest point(-6%)...which means this year for UK economy is the most difficult year ever...

So,what will it impact business...
During the recession,some business might merge,because they strong company has more probability to keep alive...but it doesn`t fit for small businesses..some of the small businesses might bankrupt...therefore powerful company may merge small businesses as they want get benefit from it...for instance,they might consider that merge a small business might reduce their raw material or have good business idea and feature produts.

The structure of the organization might be recombined:they might have
-tall structure with a narrow span of control:the advantage of using this structure is subordinates might be more promotional...the productivity might increase

-flat structure with a wide span of control: the advantage are it will reduce overhead costs(total cost)and there will be more delegation and more responsibility it also is good for the company in such awful conditions

Even the unemployment rate is high,but I think it should be a good opportunity to big company,because they can employ some workers with low salary,so it also causes reducing total cost

Government support:In this situation,government may not help any of the small businesses,it`s risky,however the banks might be asked to sell shares to the government,it is a way government support the banks

Shareholders:shareholds might get loss ....

tourism:people may stay at home instead of going abroad....

X/M:import might expensive,export might cheap....

But the forcast said that this situation will recover from 2010....is it ture?....

Interest Rate:1%

Yesterday, Bank of England published the latest Interest Rate....cut 0.5% to 1%.

It reveals UK is suffering the deeply strike from RECESSION....

From the chart we can see that 1% is the lowest point ever since 1951.Interest Rate never below than 2%.But because of the recession,credit crunch,high rate of unemployment and economy crisis,UK economy become depressed...

That also affects consumers confidence.As credit crunch,people lose their confidence to borrow money,small business can`t get loan from the bank,some of them bankrupted for can`t can finance immediately....Big celebrated companies have to close a few of their multiple shops in order to reduce the fixed cost,and keep gain profit.Some of them,such as BMW,Starbucks reduce their workers to decrease the costs....

It is risky to bank to borrow money to some business firms ....

Now,the interest rate has fallen again to 1%,government want to increase consumer`s confidence,house price increase...people might gain confidence to UK economy..but not as much as before...VAT has decrease to 15% aims to want people take out the money from the bank,to expend...encourage people to buy in order to help UK economy...but now inflation is 3.3%,Which exceeded 2%.People can`t get confidence from the government policies....these policies are not really successful, people still looking on what will happen...

ECO short summary

GDP:gross domestic product
formula:GDP=I(investment)+C(consumption)+G(government spending)+(x(exprot)-m(import))
IF X>M:SURPLUS
M>X:DEFICIT

FACTOR COST=GDP at market price-indirect tax+subsidy
NET GDP=GDP-depreciation


HDI:human development index
-real GDP per capita at PPP
real GDP is norminal GDP after allowing for inflation

-education/literacy

-life expectancy

PPP:purchasing power parity

problems with the basket of goods:
-over a period of time the contents of the basket will change
-we must allow for weighting
the relative importance of a price change for different products

shame ON YOU!

This is Cambridge？University rank no.1 in UK？？？

Chinese PM speech AT cambridge

PODCAST

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/podcasts/bizdaily/

it is like a interview....talking about economic crisis...influenced to China,India...and other countries

China GDP has fallen down.....